Poster Presentation Skin Cancer 2024

Adolescents’ Perceived Threat and Perceived Efficacy in Relation to Skin Cancer: Associations with Tanning, Sunburns, and Sun Protection (#151)

Tammy K Stump 1 , Jennifer L Hay 2 , Kenneth P Tercyak 3 , David L Buller 4 , Douglas Grossman 1 , Jakob D Jensen 5 , Jincheng Shen 6 , Lindsey Lee 7 , Jacey Jones 7 , Yelena P Wu 1
  1. Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
  3. Georgetown Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
  4. Klein Buendel, Inc., Golden , Colorado, USA
  5. Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
  6. Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
  7. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTAH, United States

According to the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), health promotion programs are optimally successful when they heighten the perceived threat of a medical condition while also enhancing perceived efficacy for offsetting that threat. For skin cancer prevention, we recently developed a school-based intervention based on EPPM constructs; this program was designed to both enhance perceived threat of skin cancer (i.e., susceptibility, severity) and perceived efficacy for sun protection (i.e., self-efficacy, response efficacy). In advance of the intervention, trial participants (N=2,199, 52% female) at 36 Utah high schools completed a baseline survey, which was analyzed as an initial test of the conceptual model underlying the intervention approach. Within a series of linear regression models, all four EPPM constructs were simultaneously entered as independent variables. Self-reported sun protection, tanning (intentional, outdoor, and unintentional), and sunburns served as dependent variables. In these models, self-efficacy was associated with all outcomes, bs=.06-.42, p<.05. Response efficacy for sun protection was associated with greater weekend sun protection, b=.06, p<.05. Susceptibility to skin cancer was significantly associated with all outcomes except indoor tanning, bs=.002-.05, p<.05. Severity of skin cancer was significantly associated with sun protection use only, b=.05, p<.05. In sum, self-efficacy was the strongest correlate of outcomes whereas response efficacy and perceived severity had weaker associations with outcomes. While cross-sectional associations may function differently than changes in constructs in response to intervention, these findings suggest that by targeting EPPM constructs, our intervention is likely to influence adolescents’ tanning, sunburns, and sun protection behaviors.